In 1971, the government passed an act referred to as the
Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) to regulate who has access to credit profiles,
and how inaccurate information can be removed from a credit report. This act was
established to regulate credit reporting agencies, such as Equifax, Experian
and TransUnion, in order to protect consumers’ privacy rights. This bill was
later revised in 1997 to provide even more protection to the consumer. The FCRA act clearly lays out who
specifically can obtain access to a credit profile and how each person is
notified about who has gained access to their profile.
According to the FCRA act, only those who have a “legitimate
business” need can view a credit profile. This may include lenders, insurance
agencies, collection agencies, financial institutions, landlords, credit card
companies, and current or potential employers. This means that your neighbors,
coworkers, friends, and family members cannot gain access to your credit report
without having a legitimate business reason. Every time one of these companies
accesses your account, their information along with the date your credit
profile was accesses will be listed on your credit report. These inquiries are
referred to as hard inquiries and it is required by law that this information
be published on your credit report.
Other companies, such as those who send you a pre-approved
credit card notice, can also gain access to portions of your credit profile.
This type of requiry is referred to as a soft inquiry and only grants these
companies access to your name and address. No other information is provided to
them. These requests are not listed on your credit report and you will not be
provided with any information about these companies or be notified that they
accessed your profile.
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